Morning in Arizona

Morning in Arizona
Rainbows over Canyonlands - Dave Stoker

The Headline Animator

Showing posts with label muni bonds. Show all posts
Showing posts with label muni bonds. Show all posts

Monday, December 04, 2017

Happy Time Vibe

Financial Review

Happy Time Vibe


DOW + 58 = 24,290 (Record)
SPX – 2 = 2639
NAS – 72 = 6775
RUT – 11 = 1532
10 Y + .02 = 2.38%
OIL – .91 = 57.45
GOLD – 4.00 = 1276.70

Cryptocurrency

Top Cryptocurrencies

  Name Symbol Price USD Market Cap Volume (24h) Total Vol. % Price BTC Chg. % 1D Chg. % 7D

Bitcoin BTC 11,582.0 $195.97B $6.14B 46.29% 1 -0.11% +19.49%

Ethereum ETH 462.13 $45.26B $1.03B 7.74% 0.0404611 -0.62% -1.92%

Bitcoin Cash BCH 1,508.90 $26.23B $777.45M 5.87% 0.134083 -1.97% -3.99%

Ripple XRP 0.24700 $9.79B $107.72M 0.81% 0.00002174 +0.82% -3.39%

IOTA MIOTA 2.23250 $7.22B $1.08B 8.17% 0.00022357 -15.60% +136.49%

Dash DASH 754.28 $5.93B $157.91M 1.19% 0.0658949 -1.14% +21.57%

Litecoin LTC 103.320 $5.61B $331.87M 2.50% 0.00890391 -0.70% +12.94%

Bitcoin Gold BTG 305.21 $5.38B $119.41M 0.90% 0.0277613 -1.87% -9.77%

Cardano ADA 0.127907 $3.45B $77.64M 0.59% 0.00001145 -7.25% +162.11%

Monero XMR 210.35 $3.32B $94.78M 0.72% 0.0185096 +1.85% +21.83%

This morning, the markets surged – largely, a happy-time vibe from the tax cut plan – but as the day wore on, the euphoria faded. The Nasdaq turned south after about one hour of trading. The entire tech sector came under serious pressure.

Microsoft dropped 4%, its biggest single-day decline since June 2016.  Facebook lost 3.6%. Amazon down almost 2.5%. Alphabet down 1%. Apple slipped about 0.7%. The S&P 500 managed to hang on until the final minutes of trading before the numbers turned red. The Dow Industrials managed to hold on to a positive session and a record high close, but that close was 245 points down from the intraday high.

Treasuries continued to slip. Even though yields rose today, they remain relatively subdued, with 10-year Treasury yields struggling to push much above 2.40 percent. If the economic outlook is so strong, then how does one explain long-term bond yields?

Bond traders are naturally more cautious, and appear to be taking their cue from forecasts that fiscal stimulus, including Republican-backed tax cuts, will deliver only a modest boost to the economy in the next two years.

Municipal bond investors are bracing for what promises to be the biggest week not only of 2017, but possibly of years to come. Estimates are that borrowers may sell $19 billion to $21 billion of tax-exempt bonds this week, almost triple the average this year. The reason why issuance will boom is that the Senate this weekend passed its version of tax reform, which includes prohibiting tax-exempt advance refunding.

Senate Republicans narrowly passed their tax bill over the weekend, and now must reconcile it with the House version before they can send it to the White House. Easier said than done. There are significant differences between the House and Senate versions.

The Senate calls for all individual tax breaks to expire after 2025 to comply with budget rules, while the House would keep most of the individual changes in place, except for a $300 per person family credit.

So-called pass-through businesses, such as partnerships and limited liability companies, are also treated differently under the bills. And the Senate bill would postpone a corporate tax rate cut — to 20 percent from 35 percent — for one year, until 2019; that means tax overhaul’s potential direct impact to 2018 corporate earnings is likely to be zero.

The House bill would consolidate the current seven individual tax brackets to four, leaving the top tax rate at 39.6 percent. The Senate bill would have seven brackets — with lower rates, and a top rate of 38.5 percent.

In a last-minute change, the Senate GOP decided to keep the alternative minimum tax for individuals, while raising the exemptions until 2026, and preserve the corporate AMT. The House would repeal both levies.

The Senate bill also keeps the estate tax (while doubling the exemption amount until 2026). The House plan doubles the threshold, but eventually fully repeals the levy. The Senate legislation also calls for repealing the Obamacare individual mandate — and while House Republicans mostly support that, it could get tricky if moderates’ votes are needed.

A key part of trying to make health insurance coverage universal is to require that everyone gets it; this helps spread the costs of health care among as broad a pool of people as possible. Repealing the requirement will save the government money because fewer people will enroll in publicly-subsidized health plans.

However, a good chunk of those subsidies underpinned the individual insurance market, so even people who don’t receive the payments are expected to see higher premiums.

The U.S. faces a partial government shutdown after money runs out on Dec. 8 if Congress can’t agree on a spending bill by then. House Republicans introduced a temporary stop-gap spending bill to fund the government until Dec. 22. The bill maintains the current federal spending levels but includes a provision to ensure that states are not forced to suspend the popular Children’s Health Insurance Program, which annually provides health insurance for nearly 9 million children in low-income families.

In the largest deal of 2017 CVS Health is buying Aetna, the third-largest US insurer, for $69 billion. Aetna stockholders will be paid $145 a share in cash and 0.8378 CVS shares per Aetna share. The acquisition is subject to regulatory approval, but if approved it will change the nature of retail and healthcare.

First, if CVS does buy Aetna, it might be able to win over more business—both from individual consumers and from employers buying plans on behalf of their workers. In theory, that’s because CVS could gain a competitive edge by reducing the cost of providing care to Aetna’s customers.

How could it do this? CVS is not just drugstores. In 2006, it acquired a company called MinuteClinic, which operates walk-in clinics. CVS now has more than 1,000 of them, including in its stores and in some Target locations. This is one of the main reasons CVS and Aetna could, together, save money: A company that sells insurance could start providing care directly, and steer customers not immediately to doctors but rather first to its own nurses and pharmacists working at CVS locations.

For example, if an Aetna customer has diabetes, it can be extremely costly (for both Aetna and the customer) for them to frequently see doctors for help managing their condition. Instead, a merged CVS-Aetna could encourage this customer to go to its walk-in clinics regularly for check-ins, potentially limiting those higher-cost doctor visits.

The merger is intended to shift the way consumers interact with their healthcare. The plan is to make pharmacies the “new front doors of healthcare” — as opposed to a traditional doctor’s office or a hospital; and once a customer is in the front door, the sale continues in the pharmacy.

The other reason for the CVS-Aetna deal is Amazon, which has been plotting to move into the pharmacy business. Amazon has already secured the necessary licenses in 12 states and there is a possibility they will try to start up an online pharmacy that could ship medications.

How does a brick and mortar retailer respond to Amazon? History shows that Amazon can crush competitors. Whether the CVS-Aetna deal could withstand the onslaught remains to be seen, but they are going to respond with some fresh new ideas. The actual amount of money prescriptions bring into pharmacies isn’t all that much, it’s what else you buy while you’re at the pharmacy — snacks, drinks, beauty products — that makes pharmacies a booming business.

Say that prescription portion went online, it would be much harder for retail pharmacies to compete with convenience stores, grocery stores and anyone else selling candy bars and deodorant. But say you’re an Aetna member, the preferred way to get your prescription might be by going to a CVS pharmacy, bringing foot traffic that might not come organically. And it is possible CVS-Aetna customers could see benefits if the new company can provide some innovative new services or pass through cost benefits to them.

On the other hand, the merger could give CVS control over drug wholesalers, pharmacies, insurers, and pharmacy benefit managers – in other words, a way to crush competition from other companies. One thing the two companies are hoping for is synergy – that’s corporate-speak for cost savings, and the big place to cut expenses is by firing workers.

For the first time in 40 years, power plants are no longer the biggest source of U.S. greenhouse gas pollution. That dubious distinction now belongs to the transport sector: cars, trucks, planes, trains and boats.

The big reversal didn’t happen because transportation emissions have been increasing. In fact, since 2000 the U.S. has experienced the flattest stretch of transportation-related pollution in modern record keeping, according to data compiled by the U.S. Energy Information Administration. The big change has come from the cleanup of America’s electric grid. Electricity use in the U.S. hasn’t declined much in the last decade, but it’s being generated from cleaner sources.

A dramatic switch away from coal, the dirtiest fuel, is mostly responsible for the drop in emissions. Coal power has declined by more than a third in the last decade. Meanwhile, the transportation sector is getting cleaner. Cars are becoming more efficient under aggressive pollution rules, or CAFÉ standards, but that’s so far been offset by an ever-rising American appetite for SUVs, crossovers and pickup trucks.

Investments in electric cars may soon begin to do to the transportation sector what wind and solar have done to the power sector: turn the pollution curve upside down. The price of battery packs has been plummeting by about 8 percent a year and electric cars are now projected to become cheaper, more reliable, and more convenient than their gasoline-powered equivalents around the world by the mid-2020s.

Wednesday, October 04, 2017

Wipe Out

Financial Review

Wipe Out


DOW + 19 = 22,661 (Record)
SPX + 3 = 2537 (Record)
NAS + 2 = 6534 (Record)
RUT – 4 = 1507
10 y un= 2.33%
OIL – .52 = 49.90
GOLD + 3.50 = 1275.60

Cryptocurrency

  • Number of Currencies: 882
  • Total Market Cap: $141,383,357,373
  • 24H Volume: $2,829,934,428

Top Cryptocurrencies

  Name Symbol Price USD Market Cap Vol. Total Vol. % Price BTC Chg. % 1D Chg. % 7D
  Bitcoin BTC 4,160.0 $69.41B $1.16B 40.99% 1 -1.33% -0.63%
  Ethereum ETH 288.28 $27.52B $275.44M 9.73% 0.0695521 -1.07% -4.57%
  Ripple XRP 0.21870 $8.49B $307.66M 10.87% 0.00005313 +2.28% +10.83%
  Bitcoin Cash BCH 350.26 $5.88B $304.62M 10.76% 0.0846327 -1.57% -22.15%
  Litecoin LTC 50.560 $2.70B $80.31M 2.84% 0.0121508 -1.31% -9.12%
  Dash DASH 295.00 $2.27B $42.78M 1.51% 0.0717433 -2.26% -12.56%
  NEM XEM 0.21516 $1.88B $3.00M 0.11% 0.00005023 +1.30% -13.41%
  NEO NEO 29.589 $1.48B $60.65M 2.14% 0.00710292 -5.17% -2.88%
  IOTA MIOTA 0.52500 $1.47B $8.71M 0.31% 0.00012679 -3.62% -3.07%
  Monero XMR 88.00 $1.35B $26.69M 0.94% 0.0213148 -2.18% -10.66%

The Institute for Supply Management’s index of service-oriented companies  jumped to a 12-year high of 59.8% in September from 55.3%. The last time the index was higher was in August 2005. Numbers over 50% are viewed as positive for the economy and anything over 55% is considered exceptional.

ADP reports private-sector employment slowed in September as firms added 135,000 jobs. The ADP data, produced in conjunction with Moody’s Analytics, may be more important than usual this month as it should be much less affected by hurricanes than the government data.

Workers are included in ADP payrolls even if they are not paid due to bad weather. Still, Moody’s Analytics’ Chief Economist Mark Zandi said hurricanes Harvey and Irma cut job gains by 50,000-60,000 jobs, mainly by forcing smaller “mom-and-pop” retailers to close.

Friday’s Nonfarm Payroll report will be a little crazy, with estimates all over the place due to the hurricanes. The number I’m hearing is 100,000 jobs, which would be very weak, but not enough to change the Fed’s outlook since it will be just a one-month blip in the data. This could provide a nice setup for dollar bulls. We have strong economic data but a weak jobs number could offer a minor, fleeting dip.

In a bizarre moment on Tuesday, Trump told Fox News that he was “gonna have to wipe out” Puerto Rico’s debt. Trump said: “We are going to work something out. We have to look at their whole debt structure. You know they owe a lot of money to your friends on Wall Street. We’re gonna have to wipe that out. That’s gonna have to be — you know, you can say goodbye to that. I don’t know if it’s Goldman Sachs but whoever it is, you can wave goodbye to that.”

It isn’t clear how Puerto Rico’s debt could just be made to disappear outside bankruptcy court. Still, to “wipe out” $74 billion in municipal debt, billions of which are guaranteed by the island’s constitution, would shake investor faith in a market long considered one of the safest of havens.

Lower-rated municipal borrowers would almost certainly see their borrowing costs rise to account for the added risk. The debt is widely held, by hedge funds, pensions and residents of the territory. Many of the hedge funds could be considered vulture investors who swooped in after Puerto Rico was already in trouble, buying up debt for pennies on the dollar and hoping to force payment at full par. But the biggest chunk of Puerto Rico’s debt is pension obligations.

The commonwealth’s budget is under the control of a federally appointed oversight board mandated as part of the bankruptcy legislation. Created by Congress to wield broad sway over the territory’s finances, the panel approves the island’s budget and is meant to help make unpalatable decisions such as closing schools and cracking down on tax evasion.

In addition to the existing debt, damages from Hurricanes Irma and Maria are expected to run about $35 billion, or a per capita cost of about $10,000 per citizen of Puerto Rico. The power grid is destroyed and it might be 6 months or more to have electric service restored; the tourism industry is in dire straits and the economy is a mess. Puerto Rico doesn’t have money to repair the hurricane damage, much less to pay off its earlier debt.

After Trump’s remarks, a shudder went through the $3.8 trillion muni bond market and Puerto Rican bondholders freaked. Puerto Rico’s beaten-down benchmark bonds plummeted from an already unprecedented 44 cents on the dollar to as little as 30 cents.

If Puerto Rico’s $74 billion in debt can just be wiped away, what does that mean for the rest of the muni bond market. That doomsday scenario, of course, is contingent upon Trump’s being able to cancel all the commonwealth’s debt, amassed over decades and enabled by a yield-hungry Wall Street.

There’s no indication he has a plan to do so. Administration officials, as they’ve done throughout his presidency, quickly walked his comments back. Soon after, Trump’s budget head Mick Mulvaney told CNN not to take the president “word for word”.

On Monday, Catalonian politicians will try to hold a parliamentary session to evaluate the October 1 vote to secede from Spain. Then they are expected to declare their independence. What happens after that remains a mystery. Spain and the EU say the independence vote was illegal. Spain’s High Court launched an investigation against top Catalan police and organizers on suspicion of inciting rebellion against the state, just hours after the Spanish king charged that the Barcelona separatists were acting “outside the law and outside democracy.”

As the king addressed the nation, trade unions in Catalonia led a powerful general strike that shut down businesses, highways and schools in a mass protest against police violence. Protesters took to the streets. Stay tuned.

Richard Smith, the recently-former CEO of Equifax testified before the Senate Judiciary subcommittee today. Smith said the Equifax data breach happened because of a breakdown in communication at the company. They knew their software was vulnerable and needed to be fixed but the tech guy never patched the glitch.

Smith didn’t say who the tech guy was but said he has since been fired. Senator Al Franken gave the unknown tech guy a name – Gus; saying, “Why is the security of 145 million people all in the hands of one guy? Why is it all up to Gus?”

If Smith knows Gus’s real name, he kept it to himself. But Gus may not be entirely at fault. Smith said it’s possible “this one guy” didn’t know all of Equifax’s various business portals were using the faulty software. Later security scans didn’t detect the vulnerability either. Equifax made more missteps after it publicly disclosed the hack Sept. 7.

A customer service representative – let’s call this one Sam – tasked with responding to customers’ Tweets sent out incorrect links to the website the company created to help consumers sign up for credit monitoring. Instead, that person was tweeting out links to a phishing website with a similar name. Sam, the customer service representative is no longer with the company.

Richard Smith resigned with a multi-million-dollar golden parachute and still refuses to accept responsibility. The hearing drew a silent protester dressed like the Monopoly man character, (you know – Rich Uncle Pennybags in top hat, monocle) who sat in the audience behind Smith but in the range of the video camera. She was there to protest forced arbitration.

Equifax’s initial offer of free credit monitoring after the hack would have made consumers accept arbitration to settle disputes with the company, something Smith has said was a mistake and has since been removed.

Google held a splashy press event in San Francisco today. They showed off the second generation of various Google devises, including: two new versions of its Pixel smartphone; a new premium laptop; a cheaper, smaller model of its Home speaker and a larger version designed for music. All the products go head-on with recent offerings from Apple and Amazon. Those two rivals are aggressively shipping devices with built-in features, like voice-assistance and augmented reality, that could upend how people access information — Google’s main business.

Google’s latest device refresh is all about making sure it can claim a lead in that next era of computing, and keep its services front-and-center in people’s lives – and that means a sharp focus on its artificial intelligence software. Google owns Android, the software behind most smartphones, but it has long struggled with ways to tame its many hardware partners and make them competitive with Apple’s iPhones.

Apple tightly controls hardware and software, and has lured consumers with mobile payments, its voice-based Siri assistant and initial forays into augmented reality, technology that splices the digital and physical worlds. Amazon, meanwhile, has emerged as a viable contender in the smart home market with its assistant, Alexa, and a seemingly unending suite of Echo gadgets.

Samsung, which makes Android phones has tried to push its own, new voice assistant – Bixby – which is still light years behind Google assistant. My pick for the coolest gadget unveiled go to Google Pixel Buds – wireless headphones or earbuds, which can be paired with Google Assistant and can provide live translation of up to 40 languages.

The International Energy Agency reports solar power grew faster than any other source of fuel for the first time in 2016. The IEA says 165 gigawatts of renewables were completed last year, which was two-thirds of the net expansion in electricity supply. Solar powered by photovoltaics, or PVs, grew by 50 percent, with almost half of new plants built in China. Solar PV capacity growth will be higher than any other renewable technology through 2022.

This marks the sixth consecutive year that clean energy has set records for installations. The IEA expects about 1,000 gigawatts of renewables will be installed in the next five years. China is the undisputed leader in renewables and solar, installing more than 2 times the gigawatt capacity of the US, and accounting for close to half of the global market.

On Monday, the US Supreme Court threw out an appeal in a trademark suit brought by Louis Vuitton against a California company that makes tote bags featuring cartoon drawings of … Louis Vuitton bags. (“Permissible parody,” the court ruled.)

Monday, August 03, 2015

Cleaning Up

Financial Review

Cleaning Up


DOW – 91 = 17,598
SPX – 5 = 2098
NAS – 12 = 5115
10 YR YLD – .05 = 2.15%
OIL – 1.95 = 45.17
GOLD – 9.10 = 1087.10
SILV – .30 = 14.59

This is going to be an extremely busy week. We still have a third of S&P 500 companies to report earnings. There’s also going to be a plethora of economic activity culminating in the Friday jobs report for July. Oil prices hit a six month low. It’s not just oil. Commodities prices across the board are falling thanks to slowing global demand and a rising dollar. All of this makes it very unlikely we’ll see a big pickup in inflation any time soon.

The Athens Stock Exchange reopened today and it was ugly. The ASE Stock Index dropped 23% after being closed for five weeks, with banking shares down by as much as 30%. The index managed to recover from session lows but still closed down 16%. While local traders are able to buy stocks, bonds, derivatives and warrants under certain conditions, international investors don’t face any restrictions, as long as they were active in the markets before they were shuttered.

The selloff shows the scale of the crisis still facing Prime Minister Alexis Tsipras as he negotiates a third bailout with creditors after six months that have put unprecedented strain on the Greek economy and its financial system.

As expected, Puerto Rico missed a $58 million debt payment due over the weekend. Because the deadline was Saturday, the PFC technically has until the end of Tuesday to make its missed payment, but it appears unlikely to make a difference. Puerto Rico does not have the money to pay. Puerto Rico faces a grim future. It’s operating with a $703 million budget deficit for the fiscal year that began last month. And the commonwealth faces $635 million in debt-service payments this month. Many investors are already focusing on broader questions around how Puerto Rico will restructure its $72 billion in debt, what kind of a “haircut” bondholders will need to take and what reverberations will spread to the U.S. municipal bond market.

A default is imminent and it will be the largest government debt restructuring in US history, and maybe the messiest. Puerto Rico’s indebted central government, municipalities and public corporations cannot file for bankruptcy protection without the OK of the U.S. Congress, which leaves them at the mercy of what could be hundreds of lawsuits filed by creditors. Without a referee in the form of a bankruptcy court, it’s going to be a mess.

Over the years, mutual-fund managers have had an incentive to buy Puerto Rican bonds, because their returns are tax-free. And many well-known mutual funds have significant exposure to Puerto Rico, including Oppenheimer, Franklin, Eaton Vance, and others. So on one side you have Main Street America, Mom and Pop investors who may or may not have known what they were buying in those mutual funds. On the other side you have Puerto Rican citizens, facing severe cutbacks and added costs for everything from driving on their roads to healthcare. Meanwhile, hedge funds have been swooping in like vultures on a carcass, buying bonds at steep discounts and hoping to force repayment through the courts. The hedge funds issued a report demanding huge budget cuts and privatization; even that is unlikely to get the island out of debt.

Chinese regulators restricted short selling of stocks, freezing out day traders, in their latest step aimed at stabilizing the world’s second-largest equity market. Investors who borrow shares must now wait one day to pay back the loans. This prevents investors from selling and buying back stocks on the same day.  Under the old T+0 rule, you could go short in the morning and cover your shorts before market close the same day and lock in your profit, if your bet is right. Now with T+1, you can’t cover your short position in the same day, and have to wait till next day at the earliest. That makes shorting a much more risky venture.

Pacific Rim trade officials failed to clinch a final deal for the Trans-Pacific Partnership on Friday following several days of intense talks in Hawaii. Key sticking points: Auto trade between Japan and North America, New Zealand’s dairy exports and monopoly periods for next-generation drugs. The deadlock may also sink U.S.-led plans, which aimed to finalize the trade deal by the end of 2015.

President Barack Obama has officially revealed a finalized version of a plan to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide emissions that power plants across the country can emit. Obama called the plan “the single most important step that America has ever taken in the fight against climate change.” Adding that “there is such a thing as being too late on climate change.”

While US power plants have limits on other air-born pollutants — like nitrogen and sulfur oxides that cause acid rain — there haven’t been limits, until now, on the levels of carbon dioxide emissions that power plants can emit. Power plants that burn fossil fuels, both coal and natural gas, emit carbon dioxide and in turn these greenhouse gases contribute significantly to the warming of the planet.

The Obama administration has turned to the Environmental Protection Agency to use the Clean Air Act to regulate carbon dioxide emissions from the power industry through the Clean Power Plan. The White House has used the EPA because politically a national carbon emissions reduction plan wouldn’t be able to pass through Congress.

States will be allowed to create their own plans to meet the requirements and will have to submit initial versions of their plans by 2016 and final versions by 2018. The most aggressive of the regulations requires that by 2030, the nation’s existing power plants must cut emissions by 32 percent from 2005 levels, which is an increase from the 30 percent target proposed in the draft regulation. Electric power generation from coal and natural gas plants is responsible for 40% of U.S. carbon emissions.

Clearly, the clean power industries, including solar, wind and even smaller sectors like geothermal, will benefit greatly from the plan. States that opt to meet their requirements by investing in clean power projects could be a major boon to these technologies. Solar and wind project developers include SunPower, First Solar, NRG Energy, and SunEdison. The natural gas industry will also be a major beneficiary of the plan. The coal industry, of course, is one of the major losers in the plan. One of the leading and most economical ways to reduce carbon emissions from coal plants is to simply shut them down, particularly aging plants. At least one fifth of the coal plants in the U.S. have been closed, or are in the process of closing.

The Obama administration says the plan could lead to “30 percent more renewable energy generation in 2030″ and “create tens of thousands of jobs.” Consumers will collectively be able to save “$155 billion from 2020-2030″ on energy bills, and $85 a year on an individual energy bill by 2030.

The Institute for Supply Management’s manufacturing index fell to 52.7% in July from 53.5% in June. Readings greater than 50 indicate expansion. ISM reported that 11 out of 18 industries reported growth with five reported contractions. The group’s employment measure declined from a month earlier and order backlogs slumped. And for some reason, the data was released just a bit earlier than the scheduled 7:00 AM time.

Spending on U.S. construction projects rose just 0.1% in June, well below forecast. Spending advanced 0.4% for new houses, condos, apartment buildings and other residential properties. Outlays on nonresidential and commercial projects was flat.

Consumer spending edged up 0.2 percent in June, the poorest showing since a similar increase in February; and the government revised the spending gain in May to 0.7% from 0.9%.The largest drop in spending involved big-ticket items such as new cars and trucks, according to the Commerce Department; now a quick note here, we also had a report from the car companies saying auto sales were strong in July – more on that in a moment. Even as spending tapered off, incomes continued to rise steadily. Personal income climbed 0.4% in June for the third straight month.

U.S. auto sales were stronger than expected in July and kept the industry on pace for its best performance since the turn of the century. Auto sales rose 5.3 percent to 1.51 million vehicles, above the 3 percent rise expected by analysts, according to Autodata Corp. The figures translate to an annualized sales rate for July of 17.55 million vehicles and keeps the auto industry on a pace for its best year since 2000. High-margin pickup trucks helped sales of the two market leaders, GM and Ford. GM had record sales of the Colorado pickup. Ford’s F-Series sales alone topped those of all Ford and Lincoln brand sedans.

Alpha Natural Resources has filed for bankruptcy in Virginia. The second-largest US coal company has lost almost all its market value since 2011, when it bought Massey Energy Co. for about $7 billion. The deal made it the biggest U.S. producer of metallurgical coal, used in steelmaking; it also saddled the company with debt, right before prices began their plunge.

Former UBS and Citigroup trader Tom Hayes, the first person to stand trial for manipulating Libor, was found guilty of eight counts of conspiracy to rig the benchmark rate. Hayes has been sentenced to 14 years. Jurors in London found that Hayes conspired with traders and brokers to manipulate the London interbank offered rate to benefit his own trading positions. After initially cooperating and being admitted into a whistle-blower program, Hayes had a change of heart and pleaded not guilty. Throughout the trial Hayes insisted his managers at UBS and Citigroup had known of his attempts to manipulate Libor and at no point told him he was doing anything wrong.  Apparently the defense of “everybody else was doing it, too” is not a particularly strong defense. Now it will be interesting to see if prosecutors will go back and revisit Hayes’ earlier claims that rate rigging was systemic. Having followed the trial, it is hard to imagine Hayes was a mastermind.